Eurydice In Classical Mythology Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Eurydice In Classical Mythology Essay, Research Paper From Bulfinch # 8217 ; s Mythology Orpheus was the boy of Apollo and the Muse Calliope. He was presented by his male parent with a lyre and taught to play upon it, which he did to such flawlessness that nil could defy the appeal of his music. Not merely his fellow-mortals, but wild animals were softened by his strains, and garnering unit of ammunition him laid by their ferocity, and stood entranced with his ballad. Nay, the really trees and stones were reasonable to the appeal. The former crowded unit of ammunition him and the latter relaxed slightly of their hardness, softened by his notes. Hymen had been called to bless with his presence the weddings of Orpheus with Eurydice ; but though he attended, he brought no happy portents with him. His really torch smoked and brought cryings into their eyes. In happenstance with such omens, Eurydice, shortly after her matrimony, while rolling with the nymphs, her comrades, was seen by the shepherd Arist? us, who was struck by her beauty and made progresss to her. We will write a custom essay sample on Eurydice In Classical Mythology Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She fled, and in winging trod upon a serpent in the grass, was bitten in the pes, and died. Orpheus sang his heartache to all who breathed the upper air, both Gods and work forces, and happening it all unavailing resolved to seek his married woman in the parts of the dead. He descended by a cave situated on the side of the headland of T? narus and arrived at the Stygian kingdom. He passed through crowds of shades and presented himself before the throne of Pluto and Proserpine. Attach toing the words with the lyre, he sung. O divinities of the under-world, to whom all we who live must come, hear my words, for they are true. I come non to descry out the secrets of Tartarus, nor to seek my strength against the three-headed Canis familiaris with serpentine hair who guards the entryway. I come to seek my married woman, whose gap old ages the toxicant viper # 8217 ; s Fang has brought to an ill-timed terminal. Love has led me here, Love, a God all powerful with us who dwell on the Earth, and, if old traditions say true, non less so here. I implore you by these residences full of panic, these kingdoms of silence and uncreated things, unite once more the yarn of Eurydice # 8217 ; s life. We are all destined to you, and sooner or later must go through to your sphere. She excessively, when she shall hold filled her term of life, will justly be yours. But till so allow her to me, I beseech you. If you deny me, I can non return entirely ; you shall prevail in the decease of us both. As he sang these stamp strains, the really shades shed cryings. Tantalus, in malice of his thirst, stopped for a minute his attempts for H2O, Ixion # 8217 ; s wheel stood still, the vulture ceased to rupture the elephantine # 8217 ; s liver, the girls of Danaus rested from their undertaking of pulling H2O in a screen, and Sisyphus sat on his stone to listen. Then for the first clip, it is said, the cheeks of the Furies were wet with cryings. Proserpine could non defy, and Pluto himself gave manner. Eurydice was called. She came from among the new-arrived shades, gimping with her wounded pes. Orpheus was permitted to take her off with him on 1 status, that he should non turn around to look at her boulder clay they should hold reached the upper air. Under this status they proceeded on their manner, he taking, she following, through transitions dark and steep, In entire silence, boulder clay they had about reached the mercantile establishment into the cheerful upper universe, when Orpheus, in a minute of forgetfulness, to guarantee himself that she was still following, cast a glimpse behind him, when immediately she was borne off. Stretching out their weaponries to encompass each other, they grasped merely the air! Diing now a 2nd clip, she yet can non upbraid her hubby, for how can she fault his restlessness to lay eyes on her? Farewell, she said, a last farewell, # 8211 ; and was hurried off, so fast that the sound barely reached his ears. Orpheus endeavoured to follow her, and besought permission to return and seek one time more for her release ; but the root ferryman repulsed him and refused transition. Seven yearss he lingered about the threshold, without nutrient or slumber ; so bitterly impeaching of inhuman treatment the powers of Erebus, he sang his ailments to the stones and mountains, runing the Black Marias of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams and traveling the oaks from their Stationss. He held himself aloof from womankind, brooding invariably on the remembrance of his sad bad luck. The Thracian maidens tried their best to capture him, but he repulsed their progresss. They bore with him every bit long as they could ; but happening him insensible one twenty-four hours, excited by the rites of Bacchus, one of them exclaimed, See yonder our despiser! and threw at him her javelin. The arm, every bit shortly as it came within the sound of his lyre, fell harmless at his pess. So did besides the rocks that they threw at him. But the adult females raised a shriek and drowned the voice of the music, and so the missiles reached him and shortly were stained with his blood. The lunatic tore him limb from limb, and threw his caput and his lyre ito the river Hebrus down which they floated, murmuring sad music, to which the shores responded a mournful symphonic music. The Muses gathered up the fragments of his organic structure and buried them at Libethra, where the Luscinia megarhynchos is said to sing over his grave more sweetly than in any other portion of Greece. His lyre was placed by Jupiter among the stars. His shadiness passed a 2nd clip to Tartarus, where he sought out his Eurydice and embraced her with tidal bore weaponries. They roam the happy Fieldss together now, sometimes he taking, sometimes she ; and Orpheus gazes every bit much as he will upon her, no longer incurring a punishment for a thoughtless glance.Robert E. Bell Eurydice was a nymph who was married to the poet Orpheus, boy of Oeagrus and Calliope. She was sometimes called Agriope. She and Orpheus were really happy and good adjusted to the barbarian milieus of Thessaly, where they had settled. Once, Eurydice was pursued by the God Aristacus, who tried to ravish her. In her attempts to evade him she stepped on a toxicant snake, which bit her. She died and was within hours transported from a blissful province to the glooming caverns of Hades. Orpheus was disconsolate and went in hunt of her. He entered the underworld from Thesprotia, and whenever he found his manner blocked he played his lyre and American ginseng plaintive vocals that suspended activity and opened doors to him. He charmed Charon, the ferryman ; Cerberus ; the Judgess of the dead ; and even Persephone. He eventually was granted his Prayer, and the infernal divinities told him to walk back to the upper universe and that Eurydice would follow him. On no status, nevertheless, must he look behind him until both had to the full gained the cheery upper ranges. Everything went good for a piece, but Orpheus began to hold uncertainties that Eurydice truly was behind him, or possibly he heard endangering noises. Finally he looked behind him, and Eurydice immediately vanished. This clip nil could travel the stony Black Marias of the defenders of the sunglassess. Orpheus was even barred from entrance, and the implacable infernal liquors were imperviable to his lyre. With Eurydice gone, Orpheus fell from the popularity he had enjoyed. The adult females of the part resented his compulsion with her. Orpheus rejected adult females and turned to work forces ; he was even said to hold invented paederasty. The adult females finally fell upon him and tore him to pieces. From Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary. Copyright? 1991 by Robert E. Bell Pierre Brunel In the celebrated picture by Ingres Orpheus is shown in right profile on a stone, keeping a lyre ( Orph? vitamin E, private aggregation, Montauban ) . It is difficult to get away from this conventional image. At best we can seek to overreach it: therefore we have Orpheus as the music director of the choir of Thebes, playing the fiddle, and executing a concerto that seems endless to Eurydice, in the amusing opera by Hector Cr? mieux and Jacques Offenbach, Orph? vitamin E aux Enfers ( two-act version 1858, four-act version 1974 ) ; or represented by the harp in Liszt # 8217 ; s symphonic verse form, Orph? vitamin E ( 1853 ) ; or even playing a twelve-stringed guitar in Tennessee Willams # 8217 ; s play Orpheus Descending ( 1957 ) # 8212 ; the guitar carries the signatures of the greatest American vocalists of the twenty-four hours, Bessie Smith and Woody Guthrie, and when Orpheus ( alias Val Xavier ) is arrested by the sheriff and his work forces, he ferociously forbids them to touch it. Orpheus is non merely the figure of the instrumentalist ; he is music # 8217 ; s lover, and the lyre he holds in his manus is his kept woman. Eurydice takes exclusion to this in Victor S? Galen # 8217 ; s play, Orph? e-roi ( 1916 ) : she detests her challenger, the # 8216 ; enchanted kept woman # 8217 ; , who possesses Orpheus and holds him in her enchantment. In Orpheus Descending, the guitar physically comes between Val and Lody when they foremost run into, and Carol dreams of finally fondling Val in the same manner that he caresses his instrument. The presence of this rival ought to suppress the presence of any adult female, which is why the original Orpheus in Greek mythology may hold been agamos ( without a married woman ) . In a important article, Jacques Heurgon took attention to remind us that # 8216 ; there is no grounds of Eurydice # 8217 ; s being on the fifth-century vases, the Petelia tablets, the frescoes at Pompeii, or the pictures in the catacombs # 8217 ; . For us, nevertheless, Eurydice has become every bit indispensable as the lyre. At the terminal of Gluck # 8217 ; s opera ( 1762 ) , Orpheus # 8217 ; celebrated vocal # 8216 ; Que fara senza Euridice? # 8217 ; ( # 8216 ; I have lost my Eurydice # 8217 ; ) expresses more than a state of affairs of mourning. It expresses a necessity, which has become a necessity for us excessively. Orpheus and Eurydice are indissociable, yet dissociated: even Virgil in canto VI of the Aeneid describes Orpheus as a lone figure progressing amidst the sunglassess of the blessed ( # 8216 ; Threicus longa semen ueste sacerdos # 8217 ; ) , and Rilke, in his first great Orphic verse form, # 8216 ; Orpheus, Eurydike, Hermes # 8217 ; ( Neue Gedichte, 1907 ) imagines a Eurydice who is hankering to return to decease, where she had at last found her roots. This state of affairs is no more amazing than the separation of Tristan and Iseult, or that of Claudel # 8217 ; s lovers, which was eventually accepted. Human love is all the stronger and more affecting because it includes the dirt of separation, and if the myth brings some solace, it is through the continuity of Orpheus # 8217 ; vocal, which in its entreaty conserves at least the name of the beloved, if non her presence. # 8216 ; Euridice, Euridice # 8217 ; , Orpheus # 8217 ; repeated call in Gluck # 8217 ; s opera, could be used by Nerval as an epigraph for the 2nd portion of Aur? lia ( 1853 ) . Orpheus # 8217 ; love for Eurydice may look self-evident to us. Yet it survives the darkness of absence ( in the first known versions ) , of the underworld ( in the classical versions ) , and possibly most significantly of desire. As Maurice Blanchot observed in L # 8216 ; Entretien infini ( 1969 ) , we are covering with # 8217 ; separation which becomes attractive in itself # 8217 ; , # 8216 ; the interval which becomes perceptible # 8217 ; , # 8216 ; the absence which reverts to being a presence # 8217 ; , dark that becomes twenty-four hours. The trade stoppage on looking back has been interpreted a figure of ways. The most prosaic version indicts Orpheus as a quarry to his sensualness, and Eurydice can be portrayed as a coquettish, even annoying adult female who, because of her repetitive petition ( in Gluck # 8217 ; s Orfeo ) , or through her quarrelsome nature ( in Cocteau # 8217 ; s play Orph? vitamin E, 1927 ) , carries a considerable portion of the incrimination for the concluding calamity. Furthermore, it is barely a calamity if they are such an ill-assorted brace: in Anouilh # 8217 ; s Eurydice ( first staged in 1941 ) , when Orpheus turns to look back at her, Eurydice announces that she has been Dulac # 8217 ; s kept woman. But it is more interesting to gestate of this trade stoppage as a truly spiritual one. As Jacques Heurgon notes, the backward glimpse must originally hold had some other significance than the simple, loving expression which inspired Andr? Bellessort to lyrical pairs in Virgile ( 1920 ) . Neither Orpheus nor Eurydice had the right to turn back towards the Gods of the underworld. Servius in Virgil # 8217 ; s Eighth Bucolic recalled that # 8216 ; the deities do non desire to be seen # 8217 ; ( nolunt enim se videri numina ) . The backward glimpse is blasphemous, merely as it is blasphemous to interrupt the silence. This was suggested by the writer of the Culex, who was utilizing Hellensitic beginnings. In a broader sense, Orpheus, like Don Juan, is prohibited from upseting the silence of the dead. His call disturbances Rilke # 8217 ; s Eurydice: like Nietzsche Rilke opposes all looking back when it is necessary to travel frontward, to state yes even to decease, and to expect every farewell ( # 8217 ; Sei allem Abschied voran # 8217 ; , Die Sonnette an Orpheus, 1923, II ) . The fact that the denouement of the narrative of Orpheus and Eurydice is left unfastened partially explains the extraordinary literary descendants of what is truly no more than an episode in the myth. The first theatrical version was by Angelo Poliziano: his Fabula di Orfeo, a # 8216 ; commedia # 8217 ; , # 8216 ; egloga # 8217 ; , # 8216 ; festa # 8217 ; , # 8216 ; rappresentazione # 8217 ; or # 8216 ; favola idyll # 8217 ; , was composed in Mantua in June 1480 # 8216 ; in two yearss, amidst a continual uproar, in the popular manner # 8217 ; for a jubilation by the Gonzaga household. The work was published, possibly without the writer # 8217 ; s consent, a few months before his decease in September 1494. Though really short ( 401 lines ) , it is in five Acts of the Apostless: # 8216 ; The Shepherds # 8217 ; , # 8216 ; The Nymphs # 8217 ; , # 8216 ; The Heroes, # 8217 ; # 8216 ; The Dead # 8217 ; and # 8216 ; The Bacchantes # 8217 ; . They show severally an evocation of the pastoral scene, Eurydice # 8217 ; s original decease when she is bitten by a serpent, the descent into the underworld, Eurydice # 8217 ; s 2nd decease, and the decease of Orpheus. It is a tragic version. The treaty imposes a bound on Orpheus # 8217 ; desires ( # 8217 ; Therefore learn how to chair the combustion of your desires, # 8217 ; Pluto tells him, # 8216 ; otherwise your Eurydice will instantly be taken from you # 8217 ; ) , but Orpheus at one time sings out his joy and his triumph, calls to Eurydice, turns back towards her and loses her. As Eurydice says, he has been the victim of his inordinate love ( # 8217 ; gran furore # 8217 ; ) , and the force impacting them is none other than the force of love. Excerpted from a longer essay in Companion to Literary Myths, Heroes, and Archetypes. Ed. Pierre Brunel. Copyright? 1996 by Routledge.

Journey To Hell Essays - Contemporary Christian Music, David Meece

Journey To Hell Essays - Contemporary Christian Music, David Meece Journey To Hell awoke in a daze. Everything beyond the end of my nose was a total blur. I shook my head to clear my vision. An object began to focus less than ten yards away. The silhouette was almost like a person but too beastly to be human. Do my eyes deceive me? What is this place? Where am I? What's going on? You are in hell, because you have sinned, a voice boomed out of nowhere. Who was this person and what is he talking about? He continued, you were murdered a few hours ago. Look at yourself, you're covered in blood. See the bullet holes? I looked down and tried to scream only in vain because I had lost my voice. Don't worry about your voice, Minos boomed, it'll be back in good time. But until then I need to find a suitable punishment for you. I need not go into why I was in hell because I know why I'm here and that's all that matters. Well, while I'm thinking I'll let you experience two different levels of hell. You will have twenty-four hours to wander free and at the end of that time you will be sentenced. Well I didn't see myself having any other viable options. So I nodded my head, and Minos directed me towards a series of doors. All of these doors were unique in their own way. I saw some that were well decorated and others that looked like they came from the bottom of hell. But one door stood out over all the others. It appeared to be a set of elevator doors. This intrigued me most immensely. So I approached them with a bit of caution. I pushed the down button, as there was no up button. I assumed that this would be standard seeing as how I am in hell and I don't imagine that I'm going up from here. Immediately the elevator doors opened. I heard the sound of wandering music pouring from the elevator doors and I stepped in. The music was soothing at first then all of a sudden I hear another deep voice going .... down? This scared me, seconds later the floor beneath my feet disappeared. I began a free fall. As I was falling all of a sudden I began to scream. My voice was back! Splash! I landed in a huge pool of a gruesome liquid. It was thick, and was in it up past my knees and my entire body was soaked . I picked my hand up and after close analysis realized it was a huge pool of blood that I was laying in. I looked around and this whole place seemed so desolate. I thought I could see some light on the horizon. So I headed towards this place. As I walked the temperature grew colder and colder. I began to shiver and I could see my breath. I could feel my muscles beginning to atrophy. I finally saw a group of people. As I got there I fell into their arms. I looked around and I saw several familiar faces. I recognized two of them distinctly. One was the leader of the Heaven's Gate cult, and the other was Charles Manson. I asked Charlie, what's going on here? Who is in this level of hell? This level is full of sociopaths, such as David Koresh and Jim Jones and we have Ted Kazinski and all people of that sort, explained Charlie. Wow what are all those people doing here? I exclaimed. Well in this level of hell, he explained, we are forced to wade through pools of the blood of all the people we killed. And eventually this place will fill up and we will perpetually drown in pools of blood. Every 100,000 years all the blood is drained and we start over. Eeek, I don't like the sounds of that. Well do any of you interact socially with each other on this level, I enquired. No actually we try not to socially interact as much as possible because we have such differing beliefs that we would try and kill each other, he replied. Can you actually kill someone who is already dead? It seems like

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of diversity to a Coursework

Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of diversity to a multinational organisation, in a rapidly changing global market. Illustrate your answer with examples from business practice - Coursework Example research paper titled, â€Å"The Effects of Diversity on Business Performance: Report of the Diversity Research Network,† appears in the spring 2003 issue of Human Resource Management. After examining four Fortune 500 companies in depth, the researchers find that â€Å"a variety of contextual variables, including an organization’s culture, strategy and human resource practices, help to determine whether diversity boosts performance or drags it down.† (Kwak & Gwynne, 2003, p.1). Diversity in multinational organizations is a sensitive issue and thus needs to be handled efficiently through proper training of the workforce. Before adapting diversity in its system, every organization should understand the advantages and disadvantages of the same. Diversity in organization mainly occurs when people from different countries work together for that entity. Individuals have their own race and custom habits. Diversity can only be promoted in an organization if there are no clashing interests among different groups in the organization. When people from different culture work together then the organizations exists between different classes of society and thus assumes a global outlook. The organization can attain a global perspective when people from diverse regions and backgrounds work together. The organization becomes globally known when it adopts a diverse attitude. IBM is a very good example of a company which practices diversity in its organization. Because of its diverse operations the company is known world wide and has become a household name in all those countries. This gives the company a positive image. The talent pool that IBM has created over the years through its diverse venture is a proof of development due to diversi ty. The adoption of diversity in IBM has led to the minimizing racial and cultural differences and also in enhancing the company’s global image. Diversity in an organization increases its performance because the workforce being combination of

To what extent do rational perspectives on management continue to Essay - 1

To what extent do rational perspectives on management continue to dominate and are they still relevant to contemporary managers - Essay Example It aims in creating mutual dependency and trust among the management and the employees such that they operate in a combined fashion to help in meeting the organisational objectives. Development of such a harmonic atmosphere in the organisation is observed to be conducive and beneficial for both the managers and the employees. The third principle as outlined by Taylor relates to the development of cooperation between the managers and the employees in the meeting of end objectives. Operating in a cooperative fashion contributes in the setting and development of standards in the workplace for conducting of tasks. This strategy thus would help in the resolution of conflicts between the managers and the employees (Taylor 2012). The last principle outlined by Taylor relates to the generation of equal opportunity for the development and growth of people pertaining to different levels in the organisation. It helps in promotion of people to shoulder newer and higher responsibilities by dearth of efficiency, skills, expertise and experience gained. This principle also calls for the development of training and development activities by the human resource managers in the organisation for the enhancement of existing ability and knowledge of the people. The above strategy is taken to enhance the sense of loyalty and belongingness in the minds of the employees for the organisation and thereby it helps in reducing the attrition levels (Murugan 2007). The first principle relates to the division or the unitisation of the total work or task generated by an organisation among a group of people. The essence of dividing the total work in basic units contributes in encouraging the different individuals to lay focus and attention on meeting of specific details related to the allocated task. Division of task based on specialisation of the employees also contributes in rightly allocating and using the organisational

Shifting Geographies of Production and Consumption Essay

Shifting Geographies of Production and Consumption - Essay Example The late seventies, the eighties and the nineties all were dominated by the Japanese manufacturers. Even in the 21st century this dominance is not only visible but disturbingly complex with geographical concentration shifting in directions that defy economic sense and reinforce the multinationals’ perception of competition. The automobile industry has some peculiar characteristics when it comes to the question of concentration. There is a common tendency for every industry to be agglomerated geographically. However the automobile industry has a typical tendency for such geographical agglomeration. For instance within the frontiers of a country, a regional concentration would mean many manufacturers of an industry concentrating their output in a particularly advantageous geographical region such as Detroit in America. The same region would act as a focal point for international companies, thus completing an international cycle of geographic attraction. The automobile industry has some peculiarities in shifting the geographic epicenter of activity away from the initial centers of development to newer more demand-centric market–oriented regions in the globe. During the last three decades manufacturing centers have been shifted from low-cost, skilled-labour, market-centric regions to still low-cost, skilled-labour, market-centric regions elsewhere, e.g. China and India in Asia, East European countries in Europe and Latin America. Markets beckon not only the industry but also individual manufacturers. Toyota Motor Corporation, Mitsubishi Motor Company, Nissan Motor Company and Honda Motor Company, all of Japan first entered the European Union (EU) to make use of tariff-free entry into the then flourishing market for automobiles. Next they entered the North American enclave. Finally they are making entry into the Latin American and East European markets. The Japanese management and labour practices are rather

Hepatoprotective Effect of Unani Formulation in Rats

Hepatoprotective Effect of Unani Formulation in Rats A study of hepatoprotective effect of unani formulation (Qurs Rewand) in rats. ABSTRACT Aim of study: To evaluate hepatoprotective effect of Unani formulation (Qurs Rewand). Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on adult Wistar albino rats of either sex weighing 150-200 g. Animals were divided into five groups of 6 animals each – I (Plain control), II (Negative control–CCl4 treated group), III (Sylimarin treated group), IV and V (UPF treated groups). Hepatotoxicity was induced by single administration of CCl4 (2ml/ kg I.P., 1:1 in liquid paraffin) in group II, III, IV V on 7th day of treatment. The UPF was administered in a dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, once daily, orally for 7 days in group IV and V respectively. Silymarin was administered orally in the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, once daily for 7 days in III group and served as standard control. On the 8th day all the animals were sacrificed and the blood was collected. Serum was separated for biochemical estimations. The serum was estimated for ALT, AST, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, total protein and TBARS. Histological study of liver was done. Results: The mean serum ALT, AST, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and TBARS were decreased significantly as compared to CCl4 treated group.While total protein was increased significantly as compound with CCl4 treated group. The histological study showed signs of recovery and regeneration in damaged liver cells as compared to CCl4 treated group. Conclusion: The study demonstrated significant hepatoprotective activity of Qurs Rewand (Unani Polyherbal formulation). Key words: Unani Polyherbal formulation, carbon tetrachloride, hepatoprotective activity and Silymarin Introduction Qurs-e-Rewand is a Unani polyherbal preparation (Table-1)[1] frequently prescribed by the physicians of Unani medicine in the management of liver diseases such as infective and other hepatitis.[2,3,4] Rubia cordifolia Linn (Rubiaceae) and Agrimonia eupatoria Linn. (Rosaceae) have been scientifically evaluated for their hepatoprotective effect[5], but the compound as a whole has not been studied for its described properties. Therefore present study has been undertaken to investigate its hepatoprotective effect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. The damage produced by CCl4 is described to be similar to the pathological changes seen in infective hepatitis and in many other liver diseases.[6] The liver function test was used to assess the extent of liver damage and the protection induced by the test drug. Since CCl ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­4 is reported to damage the hepatocytes mainly by inducing lipid peroxidation, therefore thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) test wa s employed to study the antioxidant property of the test drug with a view to underline its mechanism of action.[7] Silymarin (100 mg / kg) was used as the standard hepatoprotective agent to confirm the integrity of the test system and also to compare the efficacy of the test drug as, it has been used in the treatment of chronic or acute liver disease, as well as protecting the liver against toxicity.8] The hepatoprotective properties of Silymarin have been related to the inhibition of lipid peroxides formation or scavenging of free radicals.[9] Histological study was conducted to observe the structural status of cell matrix liver. Materials and Methods The study was conducted in the Department of Ilmul Advia, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, AMU in collaboration with the Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, after obtaining permission from Institutional Ethics Committee. Test drug procurement and identification: All the ingredients of UPF were procured from Dawakhana, Tibbiya College, AMU, Aligarh and were identified by comparison for its macroscopic and microscopic characters with authentic specimens of above mentioned at Department of Ilmul Advia, Ajmal Khan Tibya College, A.M.U. Aligarh, U.P. India.(Voucher specimen No. are given below). Botanical NameVoucher specimen No. Rheum emodi Wall Sc-0098/09 Rubia cordifolia Linn Sc-0097/09 Creteria lacca Sc-0096/09 Apium graveolens Linn Sc-0095/09 Feoniculum vulgare Mill Sc-0094/09 Agrimonia eupatoria Linn Sc-0093/09 Preparation of extract: All the ingredients (Table 1) were coarsely powdered before subjection to extraction. The hydro-alcoholic extract of all the ingredients was prepared using by Soxhlet apparatus, in which they were continuously extracted for 6 hours. The extract was filtered by Whatman No. 1 filter paper and evaporated on water bath at 40 600C until it dried completely. The prepared extract was stored in the refrigerator for further use. The dose of the test compound formulation for albino rats were calculated by multiplying its clinical doses described in Unani literature with conversion factor 7.[10] Drugs and Chemicals CCl4, n-butanol, acetic acid (Thomas Baker Pvt. Limtd. Mumbai), sodium dodecyle sulphate, thiobarbituric acid (Otto Kemi Mumbai), 1, 1, 3, 3-tetraethoxypropane (Sigma USA), Silymarin (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), Folin’s reagent (CDH, Mumbai), AST, ALT, Billirubin, Alk.Phos. and Total Protein estimation kits (Span Diagnostic Ltd, Surat). Animals Thirty Wistar albino rats of either sex, weighing 150-200 g were divided into five groups of 6 animals each. The animals were kept under standard laboratory conditions. Commercial diet pellets and water were given ad libitum. The room temperature was maintained at 25  ± 10 C. Treatments Group I (Plain Control): Distilled water orally in the dose of 1ml /kg, daily for 8 days. Group II (Negative Control): Distilled water orally in the dose of 1ml /kg, daily for 7 days. Group III (Standard): Silymarin in dose of 100 mg / kg daily for 7 days. Group IV V (Test Groups): Extract of Qurs-e-Rewand in the dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg respectively suspended in distilled water daily for 7 days. On the 7th day the animals of all groups except those in group I were administered carbon tetrachloride i.p. along with their routine treatment and 24 hours later (on 8th day) all the animals including in group I were sacrificed.[11] Collection of Samples The blood was collected and was kept for 30 minutes without disturbing. The serum was separated by centrifugation for 15-20 minutes at 5000 rpm. The sera of each animal of all groups were estimated for, ALT AST [12], bilirubin[13], alkaline phosphatase[14], total protein[15] and TBARS[16], which are index of lipid peroxides.[17] Histological Examination The liver of rats of all groups was removed immediately and fixed in 10% formalin.[18] The tissue was processed and sections were cut. The slides were prepared and stained with haematoxyline and eosin stain and the histological changes were observed by photomicroscope under high power magnification. Statistical analysis The results are presented as means  ± S.E.M. The data were statistically compared for determining significance of difference by one-way ANOVA test, followed by pair-wise comparison of various groups by LSD. The analysis was carried out by using the software of the website, www. analyseit.com. P Results Biochemical Parameters A highly significant increase in levels of serum ALT, AST, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase was observed in CCl4 treated rats while total protein was found significantly decreased as compared to control group. There was significant reduction in all biochemical parameters and significant increase in total protein after oral administration of test drug at two different doses (P4 treated group (P Histological Examination Group I: There were central blood vessels and radiating cords of hepatocytes as well as the vascular sinusoids with no evidence of fatty changes, necrosis or inflammation. (Fig.1) Group II: There was centri-lobular (acidophilic) necrosis and vascular congestion. (Fig.2) Group III: There was mild vascular congestion and peri-vascular infiltrate of mono nuclear cells and fibroblast. No fatty degeneration was observed. (Fig.3) Group IV (50 mg/kg): There was vascular congestion and peri-lobular hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes (In high magnification only vascular congestion). (Fig.4) Group V (100mg/kg): The slides showed well preserved hepatic architecture. There was no fatty degeneration, only mild vascular congestion and peri-vascular infiltrate of mono nuclear cells and fibroblast and regenerating hepatocytes were observed. The hepatic architecture was found similar to that observed in group III. (Fig.5) Discussion The findings of the present study demonstrated that the test drug (Unani formulation) lowered the biochemical markers of liver function as well as the lipid peroxide towards normal. The histological findings also indicated protective response by bringing the derangement of liver cell matrix to very near to normalcy. Thus the remarkable reduction in CCl4 intoxicated biochemical markers by test drug extract, supplemented by commensurate histopathological findings of rat liver sections indicated hepatoprotective effect of this herbal formulation. The likely mechanism of hepatoprotective response appears to be the anti-oxidant property. Carbonterachloride has been widely used for inducing hepatic damage due to free radical formation during its metabolism by hepatic microsomes.[19] The clinical features of carbontetrachloride induced hepatic damage resemble that of acute viral hepatitis.[20] The mechanism of producing hepatic damage by CCl4 depends on reductive dehalogenation of CCl4 catalyzed by cytochrome P450 in the liver cell endoplasmic reticulum leading to the generation of unstable complex of CCl4 radical. This trichloromethyl radical reacts rapidly with O2 to yield trichloromethyl peroxy radical which is reported as a highly reactive species. Qurs-e-Rewand appers to exert its hepatoprotective effect by inhibiting lipid peroxidation mediated by CCl4, due to its antioxidant activity as it decreased the lipid peroxide significantly in TBARS test. The test drug further appears to exert hepatoprotective effect due to its effect against cellular leakage and loss of functional integrity of the cell membrane in hepat ocytes i.e. they possess membrane stabilizing property, indicated by significant decrease in AST, ALT, Alk. phosphatase and lipid peroxidation. The biochemical as well as histological observations demonstrated dose dependent protective action of the extract against the liver damage. The extract in dose of 100mg/kg caused greater response. The biochemical markers were found significantly lower and retention of hepatic architecture, reduction in fatty degeneration and necrosis were more marked in this group than the group treated with 50mg/kg. The overall hepatoprotective effect produced by the 100mg/kg was sientifically equal to standard drug Silymarin. Further, quite interestingly the animals treated with Qurs-e-Rewand showed regeneration of hepatocytes, which provide an indication of high clinical and therapeutic value. The protective effect demonstrated with regard to liver function (Biochemical markers), lipid peroxidation and structure (Histological study) provides conclusive proof that the test drug possesses hepatoprotective activity. The present study provides scientific support and validation to the Unani claim regarding the hepatoprotective activity of the test drug. The study also provides the interesting information that Qurs-e-Rewand promotes hepatocellular regeneration, so it may be useful in diseases where liver damage is extensive such as chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Conclusion: it can be concluded that both the doses of test drug (Qurs Rewand) possess significant hepatoprotective activity against acute hepatic damage induced by CCl4. Further, the mechanisms and activities of compound drug require more study to understand the hepatoprotective mechanism. REFERENCES Table 1: Ingredients of Qurs-e- Rewand Botanical Name (Family) English Name Quantity (in gm) Rheum emodi Wall (Polygonaceae) Rhubarb 17.5 gm Rubia cordifolia Linn (Rubiaceae) Indian Madder 10.5 gm Creteria lacca (Coccoidea) Lac 10.5 gm Apium graveolens Linn (Apiaceae) Celery 3.5 gm Feoniculum vulgare Mill (Umbelliferae) Fennel 3.5 gm Agrimonia eupatoria Linn (Rosaceae) Agrimony 3.5 gm Table 2: Effect of test drug (Q.R) and Silymarin on biochemical parameters of liver function in CCl4 induced toxicity. Values are Mean à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± SE; n = 6; x = against plain control, y = against CCl4 (2 ml/kg), z = against standard (Silymarin) (100 mg/kg); a = against Q.R. single dose (50 mg/kg), b = against Q.R. double dose (100 mg/kg); 1 = P Group I Fig. 1: Section of rat liver showing central blood vessels and radiating cords of hepatocytes as well as the vascular sinusoids (H E stain High power) Group II Fig. 2: Section of liver showing centrilobular (Acidophilic) necrosis, and vascular congestion and marked congestion of portal vessels (H E stain, High power) Group III Fig. 3: Section of liver showing mild vascular congestion and peri-vascular Infiltrate of mono nuclear cells and fibroblast (H E stain, High power) Group IV Fig. 4: Section of liver showing vascular congestion (H E stain, High power) Group V Fig. 5: Section of liver showing mild vascular congestion and peri-vascular infiltrate of mono nuclear cells and fibroblast and regenerating hepatocytes (H E stain, High power)

Carl Sandburg Essay -- essays research papers

Carl Sandburg   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carl Sandburg was born in Galesburg, Illinois on January 6, 1878. Carl and his family lived in a three room cottage at 313 East Third Street in Galesburg, Illinois. His parent’s names were August and Clara Anderson Sandburg. Sandburg’s nickname was Charlie. His parents were both Swedish immigrants. His Dad worked for a blacksmith in Chicago. Sandburg did not have much of an education because he quit school at the age of thirteen. His favorite subject in school was geography. He started reading in elementary school, and he liked it too. His favorite stories were mostly detective stories. Some of his favorites were Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. He went to Lombard College and there his literary talents came out. Sandburg was encouraged by Phillip Green Wright, his professor. Sandburg started writing poetry at Lombard College. Sandburg had a number of jobs and worked almost his whole life. When he quit college he worked as a day laborer. While traveli ng as a hobo in 1897, he contrasted the difference between the rich and the poor. When he was twenty, he entered the Spanish-American war and was ordered to Puerto Rico. After Morgan 2 graduation he was a newspaperman in Milwaukee. In 1907 and 1908 he was district organizer for the social Democratic party. While in Milwaukee he met a woman named Lilian Steichen. They were married in 1908 until his death on July 22, 1967. Lilian was a school teacher. During 1910-1912 he was secretary t...

Ernest Hemingway Essay

Ernest Hemingway is one of the most legendary figures in American literature, known for his writing as well as his love of the dangerous—deep sea fishing, big game hunting, bullfighting in Spain, etc. As an author, he covers myriad subject matter in a very distinctive style. His sentences are short and non-descriptive, and the reader must work to uncover literary elements like theme. Dialogue is his real specialty. He uses very few descriptive details. His novels tend to be more about masculine subjects and based on his adventures while his short stories are known for his exploration of roles between men and women. His novels tend to be based on his experiences. In fact, as the Hemingway Resource Center states, â€Å"When you want to find the truth about Hemingway’s life, look first to his fiction† (Hemingway resource center). In Our Time was published in 1925 and contained some very notable short stories, such as â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River. † Men Without Women was published in 1927. The Sun Also Rises was one of the first books he published, and the subject matter was a group of young people living in Spain, expatriates living abroad. The main character was in â€Å"love† with a woman who was also in love with a bullfighter. â€Å"The Sun Also Rises introduced the world to the â€Å"lost generation† and was a critical and commercial success. Set in Paris and Spain, the book was a story of unrequitable love against a backdrop of bars and bullfighting† (Hemingway Resource Center). Soon after that in 1929 came A Farewell to Arms, which some would say is the best book to come out of the experience of World War I. The tragic ending actually comes from one of Hemingway’s wives (Pauline) and her struggles with childbirth. And after that came his dissertation called Death in the Afternoon, all about bullfighting. Hemingway says that, â€Å"It is intended as an introduction to the modern Spanish bullfight and attempts to explain that spectacle both emotionally and practically. It was written because there was no book which did this in Spanish or in English. † In this dissertation he began to form his idea of the true hero as â€Å"grace under pressure. † He also outlined his â€Å"theory of omission† or â€Å"iceberg principle,† which is a theory very important to future literature. He states: â€Å"If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. The writer who omits things because he does not know them only makes hollow places in his writing. † (Hemingway Resource Center). His novel called The Green Hills of Africa in 1935 came from the fascination Hemingway had with Teddy Roosevelt’s African hunting safaris. With borrowed money from his wife’s uncle, Hemingway spent three months in Africa on a safari of his own. The novel comes from this. 1940 brought For Whom the Bell Tolls, a novel about the Spanish Civil War. Many of his novels were really about that whole idea of the Hemingway hero. The Hemingway hero must face death bravely and live life to the fullest even in the presence of death. Hemingway suffered through a long period of not being favored by the critics and was determined to gain back his previous status. This is when he published The Old Man and the Sea, the quintessential novel of courage and persistence. This book sold over 5 million copies in a very short time, and suddenly Hemingway was on top of the heap once again. This book about a man’s struggle with a humongous marlin even won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953. He simply could not duplicate the brilliance of this book again. His nonfiction sketches of Paris in the 1920s called A Moveable Feast (1964) did nothing to advance his reputation. Unfortunately, due to age and medical problems Hemingway never wrote anything close to this again. He ended up killing himself due to depression and medical problems. While the themes of his novels tend to revolve around his experience, his short stories do so too but to a lesser extent. His focus in many of his famous short stories tends to be more about the lack of communication between males and females. For example, His short stories â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro† and â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Frances Macomber† both come from the safari experience as well although the focus is different. In â€Å"Snows of Kilimanjaro,† Hemingway’s main male character is a writer who has basically wasted his talent by becoming sexually involved with a rich woman who buys him everything he needs. This short story can certainly be seen as Hemingway himself lamenting the way that he was wasted his talent as a write although some say it is about F. Scott Fitzgerald. His male character, Harry, is a chauvinistic pig while the female character attends to his every need. She is weak, and this allows the writer to take total advantage of her. Again, the reader can’t help but wonder how much of this is autobiographical. Another short story that has gained much attention is from the 1927 book called men without Women. This story is called â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† shows how much of a story Hemingway could tell with very little. It defines his minimalist style. In classic Hemingway style a couple sits at the bar of a train station discussing an unknown subject. Part of the beauty of the story is that the reader must work to uncover the subject of their conversation, but also that every detail in the setting, in the story itself goes toward making meaning. It also shows the communication breakdown between man and woman. For example, the very fact that the story is set in a train station is pure beauty. This couple must make a decision about the issue before them (abortion). There is no going back and there is not standing still. They must get on whichever train they are getting on without hesitation. As the girl looks out one side of the station, she sees green, fertile ground. As she looks out the other side, she sees dry barrenness. Again, the symbolic meaning is clear. The couple has an entire conversation and never mentions the word abortion, nor do they look at each other. They look at everything else which shows the extent to which they are uncomfortable with the subject and each other. They repeat the same phrases over and over again without any true understanding, although the girl does seem to catch on in the end. This is classic Hemingway to show the lack of communication even between two people who are supposed to be close. A sample of Hemingway’s masterful dialogue follows: Well,’ the man said, ‘if you don’t want to you don’t have to. I wouldn’t have you do it if you didn’t want to. But I know it’s perfectly simple. ‘And you really want to? ’ ‘I think it’s the best thing to do. But I don’t want you to do it if you don’t really want to. ’ ‘And if I do it you’ll be happy and things will be like they were and you’ll love me? ’ ‘I love you now. You know I love you. ’ ‘I know. But if I do it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like white elephants, and you’ll like it? ’ ‘I’ll love it. I love it now but I just can’t think about it. You know how I get when I worry. ’ ‘If I do it you won’t ever worry? ’ ‘I won’t worry about that because it’s perfectly simple. ’ To say that this man and â€Å"girl† do not understand each other is pure understatement. They are talking in circles and are just not communicating. Hemingway’s short stories are full of this kind of dialogue. Another famous story called â€Å"Cat in the Rain† discusses the sense of isolation for an American wife. As Darren Felty states, â€Å"The work revolves around the desire of Hemingway’s protagonist, an American wife vacationing in Italy, to rescue a cat from an afternoon rain storm. She fails in her attempt, revealing in the process the emotional distance she feels from her husband and the attendants at the hotel. The story employs a complex of barriers, enclosures, and geometrically defined details to represent the emotional and psychological boundaries that restrict character interaction† (Felty). This seemingly simple story uses barriers to symbolize the relationship between the man and woman. Once again, communication is a huge problem. While the wife tells her husband of this poor kitty in the rain, he barely looks up from his paper. Eventually she ends in a tantrum, much like â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† in order to be heard. But the details of setting that Hemingway uses are genius to show the alienation of the characters. This story is told to perfect satisfaction in two pages. In following with a very important theme of Hemingway is â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River. † In this story, the reader follows Nick from innocence to knowledge. Basically Nick returns to a place he fished when he was younger, but the whole area has been destroyed by fire. However, by returning to this place of innocence from his youth, Nick is able to go forward in life as Hemingway’s heroes are. The theme of alienation is played out chillingly well in â€Å"A Clean Well-Lighted Place. † Again, we see a Hemingway hero living his life but accepting death. In this story an old man comes to this diner every night. He arrives late one night as the young waiter is closing up, but the young waiter doesn’t want to let him have a drink. An older waiter, the voice of experience, allows him to have a drink because he understands just how important it is for everyone to have â€Å"a clean well-lighted place† that is open as long as possible. In other words, he understands loneliness in a way the younger waiter could never imagine. Lastly, an important short story is â€Å"The Short and Happy Life of Frances Macomber. In this story, Hemingway’s idea of a hero is played out. On this safari, Frances is very scared. He is also ruled by his wife. However, he stands up to his wife and is happy for a few seconds until he is killed. Like Hemingway’s code hero, he becomes brave (if only for a minute). He faces his fear and overcomes it; it matters not that he dies shortly after. F. Scott Fitzgerald criticized Hemingway for writing stories in which nothing happens. That is true in a way. There is not much action in Hemingway’s novels or short stories, but the dialogue and the setting tell the reader so much. Hemingway is known for his masterful use of dialogue and his sparse details to tell more than a complete story. He describes this in his iceberg principle. â€Å"If it is any use to know it, I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eighths of it underwater for every part that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg. It is the part that doesn’t show. If a writer omits something because he does not know it then there is a hole in the story† (Hemingway). Overall, Hemingway is one of the greatest American writers the world has seen.

Conjugation of Pedir, Servir, and Vestir

Conjugation of Pedir, Servir, and Vestir Pedir (to request), servir (to serve), and vestir (to dress or wear) are among the common Spanish verbs in whose conjugation the -e- in the stem sometimes changes to -i-. Other verbs that follow the pattern of pedir as shown below  include competir (to compete), despedir (to send off, among other meanings), impedir (to impede or prevent), medir (to measure), and repetir (to repeat). Irregular forms are shown below in boldface. Translations are given as a guide and in real life may vary with context. Infinitive of Pedir pedir (to request) Gerund of Pedir pidiendo (requesting) Participle of Pedir pedido (requested) Present Indicative of Pedir yo pido, tà º pides, usted/à ©l/ella pide, nosotros/as pedimos, vosotros/as pedà ­s, ustedes/ellos/ellas piden (I request, you request, he requests, etc.) Preterite of Pedir yo pedà ­, tà º pediste, usted/à ©l/ella pidià ³, nosotros/as pedimos, vosotros/as pedisteis, ustedes/ellos/ellas pidieron (I requested, you requested, she requested, etc.) Imperfect Indicative of Pedir yo pedà ­a, tà º pedà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella pedà ­a, nosotros/as pedà ­amos, vosotros/as pedà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas pedà ­an (I used to request, you used to request, he used to request, etc.) Future Indicative of Pedir yo pedirà ©, tà º pedirs, usted/à ©l/ella pedir, nosotros/as pediremos, vosotros/as pedirà ©is, ustedes/ellos/ellas pedirn (I will request, you will request, he will request, etc.) Conditional of Pedir yo pedirà ­a, tà º pedirà ­as, usted/à ©l/ella pedirà ­a, nosotros/as pedirà ­amos, vosotros/as pedirà ­ais, ustedes/ellos/ellas pedirà ­an (I would request, you would request, she would request, etc.) Present Subjunctive of Pedir que yo pida, que tà º pidas, que usted/à ©l/ella pida, que nosotros/as pidamos, que vosotros/as pidis, que ustedes/ellos/ellas pidan (that I request, that you request, that she request, etc.) Imperfect Subjunctive of Pedir que yo pidiera (pidiese), que tà º pidieras (pidieses), que usted/à ©l/ella pidiera (pidiese), que nosotros/as pidià ©ramos (pidià ©semos), que vosotros/as pidierais (pidieseis), que ustedes/ellos/ellas pidieran (that I requested, that you requested, that he requested, etc.) Imperative of Pedir pide (tà º), no pidas (tà º), pida (usted), pidamos (nosotros/as), pedid (vosotros/as), no pidis (vosotros/as), pidan (ustedes) (request, dont request, request, lets request, etc.) Compound Tenses of Pedir The perfect tenses are made by using the appropriate form of haber and the past participle, pedido. The progressive tenses use estar with the gerund, pidiendo. Sample Sentences Showing Conjugation of Pedir and Similarly Conjugated Verbs No podemos retener a extranjeros que no quieren pedir asilo. (We cant keep holding foreigners who dont wish to ask for asylum. Infinitive.) Hay muchas veces en las que ella y su madre se han vestido igual. (There are many times in which she and her mother have dressed alike. Present perfect.) La ley no impide venta de alcohol cerca de las escuelas. (The law doesnt prevent alcohol sales near schools.  Present indicative.) Estoy satisfecho con estos resultados porque los muchachos compitieron en contra de los mejores del paà ­s. (Im satisfied with these results because the boys competed against the countrys best. Preterite.) Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial hubo enormes aviones que servà ­an como bombarderos, volaban sobre el enemigo. (During World War II there were huge airplanes that served as bombers, flying over the enemy. Imperfect.)  ¿Se repetir la historia? (Will history repeat itself? Future.) No vas a creer lo que estn vistiendo. (You wont believe what theyre wearing. Gerund.) Rodrà ­guez insistià ³ en que su partido pedirà ­a a los catalanes que votaran sà ­ a quedarse en Espaà ±a. (Rodrà ­guez insisted that his party would ask Catalonians to vote yes to remaining in Spain. Conditional.) Es violatorio de la Constitucià ³n que impidan el derecho a las protestas. (It violates the Constitution for them to impede the right to protest. Present subjunctive.) Quisiera unos padres que no midieran el tiempo al estar conmigo. (I wanted parents who wouldnt ration their time being with me. Imperfect subjunctive.) No pidas perdà ³n. (Dont ask for forgiveness. Imperative.)

Your 2018 guide to asking for a promotionÂÂ

Your 2018 guide to asking for a promotion   New year†¦new job title? Many of us look upon a new year as a time for new opportunities, from setting and achieving new personal goals to exploring new passions and hobbies and reaching new professional milestones- including moving up the career ladder. Most of us have an ultimate professional goal that we one day wish to fully achieve, and many of us have plotted out a series of steps on our career ladder that will hopefully get us there. With the ushering in of a new year, we often hope that we’ll be able to take a bold step forward toward our goal- which means getting a promotion at work.Of course, in a perfect world, we’d never have to actually ask for a promotion- our bosses would simply recognize our undeniable talents and contributions over and over, resulting in a series of promotions. But for most of us, this is more of a pleasant dream than a tangible reality, and waiting for this to happen is like waiting for a sack of money to drop out of the sky and i nto your lap- not the most efficient use of your productive work years.The truth is, most of us who want a promotion are going to have to ask for one, which can be among the most stressful, anxiety-inducing, and nerve-wracking experiences we subject ourselves to. Asking for a promotion is no simple task, especially if you’re relatively new to your company or industry and may still be proving yourself. According to a recent article published by Forbes, â€Å"Asking for a promotion can be one of the most stressful experiences in your career- especially in today’s uncertain economy. Why?  Because you know you’re putting yourself at some level of risk†¦It should be no surprise that, in comparison to only a few decades ago, today’s average employee has larger workloads- and more (and better) competition to contend with. Add to this the highly evolved social and political networks one needs to master, and you have one tough road to travel†¦to move from employment offer to promotion without a single misstep is unlikely, and mistakes happen often enough.†Yes, the mere thought of asking for a promotion may send you into a panic and have you reconsidering the entire idea, but fear not! In the professional world fortune often favors the bold, and if you attack the â€Å"promotion situation† smartly and with a solid game plan, you can really increase your chances that things will go your way when you pop the big question!Use the following strategies to help you stack the deck in your favor, and to avoid the biggest mistakes most people make when gearing up to asking for a promotion.Read the signs.The first crucial step to determining if now is a good time to ask for a promotion or if you’re better off waiting is to â€Å"take the temperature† of the company. Was 2017 a good year, or were there lots of struggles and challenges? Did your company meet or exceed its annual goals, or did it fall short? Have th ere been a great deal of layoffs or employee turnover recently, or do things feel relatively stable. Or better yet, are signs of growth and new innovation in the air? It isn’t difficult to envision which of these scenarios are more conducive to asking for a promotion, so try to figure out if now is the right time for you to make the big ask.Also, be sure to take your own workplace temperature. Was 2017 a â€Å"hot† or â€Å"cold† year for you as an employee? Did you achieve or surpass your goals? Many of us have clearly defined performance metrics, which are often reviewed regularly with our bosses (often annually), so determining if 2017 was a good year for you shouldn’t be too difficult. If you had a banner year in 2017, then perhaps now is the perfect time to go after that promotion. If you struggled a bit over the year, perhaps it’s wiser to wait a few months and really work hard to establish yourself as a valuable employee before taking the pl unge.Build a good case.In many instances, asking for a promotion is like interviewing for a new job, and you’ll likely have to â€Å"make a case† for yourself- not just for why you deserve a promotion, but also, and perhaps more importantly, for how your company will benefit from promoting you. This is your opportunity to resell yourself to your company- this time in a new role with greater responsibility.So, approach the situation like you did when you first interviewed with the company. Convince them that you’re the perfect person for this new position and that your background, experience, and skill set are the perfect mix to handle the job effectively. You want them to think that promoting you will ultimately benefit the company’s bottom line.Choose your moment.Pop quiz: Do you think your chances for getting a promotion will be better when you ask your boss after a particularly tense and stressful morning or in the middle of a terrible workplace crisis , or when your boss is in a good mood, relaxed, and hopefully open to new ideas? Not the most difficult quiz, right? Well, you’d be surprised by how many unfortunate employees, who are so nervous and desperate to get the promotion question over with, just blindly jump in and ask their bosses for a promotion without determining if the timing is right. Not a good move. Don’t make this easily avoidable mistake.Mind the details.Perhaps just as important as the things you’ll say when asking for a promotion are the supporting details- the tone you use, the outfit you decide to wear when you ask, and your body language and facial expressions. You’ve already successfully interviewed with the company before, so you have a good idea of what works and what doesn’t. The key here is to take this opportunity seriously and to bring your â€Å"A game† when you do decide the time is right to ask for a promotion. Dress well, use a confident and positive tone, and make sure your body language reflects your best possible self.If it goes your way†¦If the stars align, things go your way, and fate looks favorably on you, then congratulations! Graciously and humbly accept your promotion and new role and be sure to use this as an opportunity to prove to your bosses that they made the right call- don’t forget, at some point in the future you might be facing the promotion question once again, and you want to make sure that you have a solid case for why it’s once again well deserved.If it doesn’t go your way†¦Putting yourself out there by asking for a promotion and meeting rejection can be incredibly difficult. If you don’t get the promotion you were looking for, you may leave the meeting with a wide range of conflicting emotions. The key here is to not do anything rash. Instead, listen carefully to the reasoning you were given for the decision. Was it based on something completely out of your control, or did it include things that you can work on? Were you given a timeline to make improvements and revisit the promotion question?Take the information you were given during the discussion, consider it carefully, and weigh your options for moving forward. The key here is to not consider this the final step on your career ladder- you’ll have many more professional opportunities in the future!Asking for a promotion can be a stressful experience- but it doesn’t have to be! Use the strategies provided here to ensure that when the time is right and you decide to ask for a promotion that you’re putting your best foot forward and setting yourself up for success.

Gambling as an Addiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Gambling as an Addiction - Essay Example 76 By some standards, including those of the present writer, it is unfortunate that many persons now without them are apt to develop gambling difficulties under legalized systems. But it is suggested that if this problem becomes particularly serious then the society might care to discover techniques to handle the situation that are a good deal more effective than those hit-and-miss, haphazard approaches now in fashion when gambling flourishes undercover. It is claimed that psychologically gambling serves as a ritualistic flirtation with an unknown fate. Gambling has been called "a kind of question addressed to destiny," and it has been maintained that the fascination of gambling is that it is "a simulation of life itself." Success at gambling is supposed to be transposed by the gambler into a general sign of favor from otherwise inscrutable gods, somewhat in the manner of, for instance, the prize fighter who traces his success to the fact that "Somebody Up There Likes Me," rather than to a fast right hand and an unusual ability to withstand punishment. It was this mental transposition, as Max Weber has shown while tracing the purported origins of capitalism, that led financially successful persons in early Calvinistic societies to credit their wealth to divine approval of their total person and thus to regard it as an indication of a future place in heaven. Gambling shows an elaborate history through the annals of civilization. Stone-Age people are known to have tossed painted pebbles and to have cast knucklebones, though it is not certain whether their attempt was to win somebody else's stone axe or to invoke magic and to facilitate prophecy. We have records from India from as early as 321 B.C. showing the existence of a governmental department that regulated gambling, with a Superintendent of Public Games who supplied dice for a fee of 5 percent of the receipts. 10 Public lotteries were common in the United States from early colonial times until the 1830's. Many institutions of higher learning, including Columbia, Harvard, and Yale, were financed by public lotteries. Reactions against State-sponsored gambling were due to numerous scandals connected with its operation as well as to a growing sense of moral outrage. (Richard McGowan, 1994). Major concern in the United States today centers about four kinds of gambling operations: (1) numbers; (2) casino-style gambling; (3) lotteries; and (4) parimutuel betting at race tracks and its extension, offtrack betting. Numbers remain illegal throughout the United States; casino gambling is legal only in the State of Nevada; lotteries have recently been started in New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts; and offtrack betting was inaugurated in New York City in April 1971, in a move that has been watched with special care by other jurisdictions, particularly those and there are but few which do

Discuss the claim that, despite repeated reform, the Common Essay

Discuss the claim that, despite repeated reform, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) still retains its protectionist nature - Essay Example These regulations cover rural development, horizontal matters like financial support and controls, direct payments for farmers among others. Most critics view the Common Agricultural Policy as a form of protectionism meant to defend European producers from inexpensive products produced outside the European Union. This paper is going to discuss the claim that despite repeated reform, the Common Agricultural Policy retains its protectionist nature. Over the years, the European Union has been a model in regional integration and trade promotion trough out the world. This is evidenced by its move to cut many trade barriers through bilateral trade agreements, giving grants to poor countries, not forgetting that its creation has enhanced trade among the member states in a very significant way. Most importantly, it can be noted that the European Union is one of the trading blocs with lowest tariffs on imports from non-member states. Although this claim is true to some extent, the European Union protects Agriculture, which is one of its member states’ key industry sectors through the Common Agricultural Policy. The Common Agricultural Policy enacts trade barriers on agricultural produce from outside the European Union and at the same time subsidizing the domestic producers among its member states. Subsidies and artificially higher prices sometimes lead to overproduction, hence food surpluses in the European markets. The European Union in turn sells the excess supplies to the world market through subsidized exports, ensuring that domestic farmers enjoy higher income and job security. These subsidized export products are sold below the market prices, competing unfairly with products from developing economies. Some of the surpluses are stored to make the food mountains which are often destroyed when they cannot be sold. Consumers on the other hand are compelled to pay artificially higher prices for the food